Harrow



(No Model.)

G. W. FRENCH 8v W. P. BETTENDORP.

HARROW. y

No. 445,444. Patented Jan. 27, 1891..

d) ar lnvcmmfs: M@

NITED STATES ATENT FFICEG i GEORGE WATSON FRENCH AND WILLIAM P.BETTENDORF, OE DAVENPORT,

IOWA.

HRROW.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 445,444, dated January2?, 1891.

Application filed April 15, 1890. V

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, GEORGE VATSON FRENCH and WILLIAM P. BETTENDORF, ofDavenport, in the county of Scott and State 5 of Iowa, have inventedcertain Improvements in I-Iarrows, of which the following is aspeciiication.

Our invention relates to toothed metallic harrows; and its objects areto simplify the construction, reduce the cost, and increase the strengthof the structure.

Our improvements are applicable both to harrows which have the teethfixed rigidly in the frame and to those in which the teeth are mountedin rolling bars to admit of their inclination being changed.

In carrying our invention into effect we elnploy hollow bars,cylindrical preferred, though square or other shaped hollow bars may beused, through which the teeth are inserted and in which they are securedby upsetting the teeth, so as to form shoulders or enlargements thereonabove and below the bars. We prefer to carry this upsetting operation sofar that it will not only form the enlargements of the teeth outside ofthe supporting-bar, but also enlarge or increase the diameter of theportion within the bar. In this manner the teeth are greatlystrengthened in the part which receives the greatest strain, so thatthey are adapted to withstand the very severe strains and shocksencountered in practice without making them of objectionable weight. Theadvantage of thus forming the shoulders by enlarging the bars lies inthe fact that the bars are given their maximum strength at the shouldersinstead of being weakest at those points, as in the case of bars groovedto produce shoulders. Bars having the enlarged shoulders may be madevery much lighter and cheaper than would otherwise be possible. It isobvious that these hollow bars, upset or compressed so as to haveprojections to keep them in place on the journals between theprojections, the cross-bars, or beams, may be used on a variety ot'machines, though specially desirable on harrows. The teeth-sustainingbars, if of rolling type, are passed at their ends through a frame orframe-bars, in

5o which they roll or turn. The rolling bars are Serial No. 348,043. (Nomodel.)

prevented from shifting endwise by means of shoulders or enlargementsformed upon them by an upsetting operation.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a top plan view of a sectionot` a portion of a 5 5 harrow containing our improvements. Eig. 2 is alongitudinal vertical section of the same on the line 2 2. Fig. 3 is avertical section through the tooth-sustaining' bars on Van enlargedplan, the teeth beingin position there- 6o in. Fig. 4: is a sideelevation of the same, one end being in section. Fig. 5 is a view of oneof the teeth as it appears previous to its in sertion.

Referring to the drawings, A `A represent the tootlrsupporting bars,which are of tubular form. XVe employ preferably for the purposelap-welded steel or iron tubing, such as is commonly sold in the market.At suitable points in its length the tube has holes Ct, drilled 7otherethrough from top to bottom, to receive the upper ends of the teeth.

B B represent the teeth, which may be of any approved form, either solidor tubular. Each of the teeth is inserted through the tubu- 7 5 lar barA and confined rigidly in position by means of shoulders oreulargementsb b formed thereon, one above and the other below thesustainingbar. These shoulders or enlargements are formed by theoperation techni- So cally known as upsetting-that is to say, bypressing the tooth endwise, so as to reduce its length and increase itsdiameter at the required points. It preferred, the teeth may be formedwith the lower shoulder b thereon, 8 5 as shown in Fig. 5, previous totheir introduction into the supporting-bars, after which the uppershoulder or head may be formed by a hammering action or by theapplication ot' pressure; or both shoulder and head may be 9o formed bythe same operation after the tooth is inserted in the bar.

The bars A, with the teeth fixed therein, may be mounted rigidly ormovably in a draft frame of any appropriate character. When, 9 5however, they are to be mounted to roll in the frame we form them ateach end with two collars or shoulders a and d2, produced by upsettingthe met-al, or in any other appropriate manner which will give the barsthe increased roe The frame-bars are each formed of two straps or bars cand e', bent at suitable intervals, as shown at c2, so that they areadapted to close together around the toothed bars between the collarsthereon. The two bars or straps are united by bolts or rivets. Ifpreferred, however, the frame-bars c may be each made in one piece,suitably punched or perforated to receive the ends of the toothed barsA. lVhen this construction is adopted, the outer shoulders or collars awill, of course, be formed after the toothed bars are inserted throughthe frame-bars.

The frame constructed on our plan may be of 'any suitable size and form,and several such frames or sections may be jointed together, providedwith braces and draft devices, or otherwise employed in the same manneras harrow frames or sections ot' ordinary construction.

The neck of the tooth-that is to say, the part within the bar-is usuallyenlarged by the upsetting action, to give the additional strengthheretofore referred to. This is clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4, in whichthe neck is larger than the body or point. No other parts ofagricultural machines are subjected to the saine strain and violence asthe teeth of harrows. The result is that the teeth are frequentlybroken, and this generally at their junction with the frame. Theenlargements ot' our teeth enable thern to resist the shocks and preventthem from breaking.

l. In a hai-row, a tubular frame-bar, in coin- .bination with a toothinserted therethrough and upset and enlarged both above and below saidbar.

2. In combination withatubular perforated sustaining-bar, a harrow-toothhaving its upper end upset to produce the enlarged collar or shoulderbelow the bar and the enlarged neck within the bar, as described andshown.

A tubular frame-bar for a harrow hav' ing perforations to receive theteeth and enthe bar in the frame.

4. In a harrow, a metal tooth-sustaining bar Witnesses to signature ofGeo. Vatsonl French:

NATHL. FRENCH, WM. EVANS. Witnesses to signature of William P.Bettendorf:

T. B. CARSON, NATH. FRENCH.

